Source : http://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/21cc/utopia/utopia.html
My Topic: Utopia can't exist in reality.
What I hope to learn from this source: I want to define the word Utopia and want to know about its history.
Notes:
1. In 1516 Sir Thomas More wrote the first 'Utopia'. He coined the word 'utopia' from the Greek ou-topos meaning 'no place' or 'nowhere'.
2. H G Wells described a parallel earth upon which the rational and scientific are perfectly reconciled with spiritual discipline and belief. Francis Bacon describes a remote utopian island governed entirely by reason and science. Thomas Campanella imagined a perfect society in which religion and reason work in total harmony.
3. In the 18th century utopian ideas exploded into social and political action. Thinkers like de Condorcet, Rousseau and Washington provided citizens with the arguments they needed to fight for a better and fairer world. And revolution on the other hand explodes into reality.
4. In the 19th century( At a time of massive industrial growth) Robert Owen and Titus Salt (both industrialists and reformers) set up (socialist utopias)model communities to house the workers at their textile mills. Owen's New Lanark, in central Scotland and Salt's Saltaire, in West Yorkshire were self-contained communities built around textile mills. Workers were given a better quality of life than was available elsewhere.
Final Thoughts: I researched about the definition of Utopia and many Utopias that people tried to pursue and real action of people to make a better world. I think this can help me strengthen my arguments toward Utopia, especially about the people who seek utopia exist.
Research 2
Source: http://brbl-archive.library.yale.edu/exhibitions/utopia/utopcom.html
Source: http://brbl-archive.library.yale.edu/exhibitions/utopia/utopcom.html
My Topic: Utopia can't exist in reality
What I hope to learn from this source: I want to know about the existence of people who actually gathered to make an Utopia together.
Notes:
Utopian communities
 | ||||
| 1 | 1638 | New Haven | New Haven, Connecticut | |
| Pennsylvania German Colonies | Pennsylvania | |||
| 2 | 1694 | Society of the Woman in the Wilder | Germantown, Pennsylvania | |
| 3 | 1732 | Ephrata Cloister | Ephrata, Pennsylvania | |
| 4 | 1774 | Shakers | near Albany, New York | |
| 5 | 1805 | Harmony | Harmony, Indiana | |
| 6 | 1825 | Nashoba | Nashoba, Tennessee | |
| 7 | 1825 | New Harmony | Harmony, Indiana | |
| 8 | 1841 | Brook Farm | West Roxbury, Massachusetts | |
| 9 | 1847 | Kingdom of St. James | Beaver Island, Michigan | |
| 10 | 1848 | Oneida | Oneida, New York | |
| 11 | 1849 | Icaria | Navoo, Illinois | |
| 12 | 1875 | Fountain Grove | Santa Rosa, California | |
| 13 | 1886 | Kaweah | Tulare County, California | |
| 14 | 1894 | Roycroft | E. Aurora, New York | |
| 15 | 1897 | Point Loma | San Diego, California | |
| 16 | 1903 | Halcyon | Oceana, California | |
| 17 | 1919 | Holy City | near Santa Cruz, California | |
| 18 | 1919 | Peace Mission of Father Divine | Brooklyn, New York | |
| 19 | 1965 | Drop City | Trinidad, Colorado | |
| 20 | 1966 | Hog Farm | Taos, New Mexico | |
| 21 | 1967 | Twin Oaks | Louisa, Virginia | |
| 22 | 1968 | Family of Mystic Arts | Oregon | |
| 23 | 1967 | The Diggers | California | |
| 24 | 1971 | The Farm | Summerton, Tennessee | |
Research 3
Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/26/world/europe/26spain.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
http://online.wsj.com/articles/a-communist-utopia-in-spain-1411580857
My Topic: Utopia can't exist in reality
What I hope to learn from this source: There were people who actually gathered to make an Utopia together. Utopian communities are not the societies that were made by imagination but they were really created in reality.
Notes:
1. Marinaleda is located 70 miles east of Seville in southern Spain's Andalusia region, this small farming village (population: 2,771) has set out to build a Communist utopia since the late 1970s.
2. Marinaleda has garnered a great deal of attention lately from the progressive press. The village has even been the subject of an admiring book, "The Village Against the World," published in 2013.
2. Marinaleda has garnered a great deal of attention lately from the progressive press. The village has even been the subject of an admiring book, "The Village Against the World," published in 2013.
3. Marinaleda is probably the most pleasant Communist society on earth. The community shares some of the central characteristics of all Communist societies, not least a hyper-ideological government and a healthy dose of economic absurdity.
4. While the rest of Spain gorged on cheap credit to buy overpriced houses, the people of Marinaleda were building their own, mortgage-free, under a municipal program.
5. Mechanization is avoided at all costs. The idea is to put as many people as possible to physical work. Every cooperative farmer earns the same daily pay of just over €40 ($50) for 6½ hours of work.
6. Marinaleda also offers new residents a home for just €15 per month.
7. There are some Criticisms. Critics say Mr. Sánchez’s claims are exaggerated and that he has succeeded in dividing up misery rather than creating wealth. By promoting low-productivity farm jobs, he has kept voters dependent on him for work and handouts, they say.
Final thoughts : This village can be an example of Utopia where people can live happily without any conflicts. However there are some criticisms to this village, and there still exists limits. Thus this is the point where i have to focus on while i write essay about the topic.
Source : Selfish traits not favoured by evolution, study shows By Melissa Hogenboom http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-23529849
My Topic: Utopia can't exist in reality.
What I hope to learn from this source: I wanted to use biological research as my evidence when i try to argue that it is right in saying people are naturally selfish. However I found a new research that goes like humans must live in a co-operative environment. I wanted to know more about this new research which can attack my argument.
What I hope to learn from this source: I wanted to use biological research as my evidence when i try to argue that it is right in saying people are naturally selfish. However I found a new research that goes like humans must live in a co-operative environment. I wanted to know more about this new research which can attack my argument.
Notes: 1. Humans and animals could not evolve in a co-operative environment by being selfish, scientists say. This challenges a previous theory which suggested it was preferable to put yourself first. Instead, it pays to be co-operative, shown in a model of "the prisoner's dilemma", a scenario of game theory - the study of strategic decision-making. Published in Nature Communications, the team says their work shows that exhibiting only selfish traits would have made us become extinct.
2. These latest findings contradict a 2012 study where it was found that selfish people could get ahead of more co-operative partners, which would create a world full of selfish beings. A previous study found that selfish strategies were favourable
3. In 1974, Richard Dawkins published a gene-centred view of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection. He argued that it was not groups or organisms that adapt and evolve, but individual genes and each living organism's body was a survival machine for its genes. Prof Andrew Coleman from Leicester University explains that this new work suggests that co-operation helps a group evolve, but does not argue against the selfish gene theory of evolution. Rather, he adds, it helps selfish genes survive as they reap the awards of inhabiting co-operative groups.
Final Thoughts: In fact, I considered the reason Utopia can't exist was because of humans selfishness. This idea came from the selfish gene theory of evolution which i heard before. However this new research that was published recently suggests that people should cooperate, not just being selfish. Maybe I should find some other information that can still reinforce my opinion.
Research 5
Source : Evolution will punish the selfish? It's not as simple as that
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/andrewbrown/2013/aug/02/evolution-punish-selfish-not-simple
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/andrewbrown/2013/aug/02/evolution-punish-selfish-not-simple
My Topic: Utopia can't exist in reality.
What I hope to learn from this source: There were some articles related to new research that goes like evolution punish selfish people. These articles oppose the arguments of new research. I can use them when i defend my arguments.
Notes:
1.None of these experiments are conducted in the wild. They are all computer simulations. This is another reason to be slightly sceptical of all these grand results – it's possible that when the pretty mathematics are fitted to the ugly world, they will break. But that's true of pretty much all the kind of science that makes news. There's nothing special to biology about it.
Final thoughts : There are some people who disagree with the results of recent study. I can maybe use this as my counterargument while telling some historical facts that shows the selfishness of human beings. Also i can add selfish gene theory of evolution.
Final thoughts : There are some people who disagree with the results of recent study. I can maybe use this as my counterargument while telling some historical facts that shows the selfishness of human beings. Also i can add selfish gene theory of evolution.
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